Carnitine is an amino derivative found in nearly every cell of the body that transports fatty acids to the mitochondria to be used as fuel for energy production.^1,2 Optimized Carnitine provides three advanced forms of carnitine that work synergistically to get your mitochondria to produce cellular energy fast and efficiently. This boost in cellular function helps to combat the age-related decrease in cellular energy, and is essential for your brain and heart and for exercise recovery.

Acetyl-L-Carnitine

This is the form of carnitine that is chiefly involved in moving fat molecules across the mitochondrial membrane. It crosses into the brain from the bloodstream and provides additional energy directly to brain cells.³

Brain Function: Most studies of neurodegeneration use the acetyl-carnitine form.⁴ Research has demonstrated improvements in memory and learning as well as mental status and cognitive function.^5,6

Mood Support: Preclinical studies have shown that acetyl-L-carnitine enhances the release of dopamine (the feel good neurotransmitter) from neurons and helps it bind to dopamine receptors.⁷ Various studies have exhibited its ability to stabilize and improve mood.^8-10

Acetyl-L-Carnitine Arginate

Acetyl-L-Carnitine Arginate (ACA) is molecularly bonded to the amino acid arginine. ACA was shown in preclinical settings to induce the outgrowth of the tiny but essential nerve cell protrusions called neurites that underpin memory formation and learning.¹¹

Propionyl-L-Carnitine

Research has shown that Propionyl-L-Carnitine (PLC) plays an important role in protecting the function and health of endothelial cells.^12-14 It has shown to help correct an imbalance between the production and utilization of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency used throughout the body. This suggests that PLC may optimize cardiac performance by enhancing energy metabolism and increasing ATP levels.¹⁵

In addition to protecting vascular cells from damage, PLC optimizes endothelial function by increasing the production of vasodilating nitric oxide.^16,17

As a result of its mechanisms of action, PLC can help improve physical performance, male sexual function and general fatigue.^18-20